Cultural & Racial Diversity Category

Double Jeopardy: Minority Stress and the Influence of Transgender Identity and Race-ethnicity

1 CE Hour
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About the Course

Past research has indicated that BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, People of Color) transgender individuals experience higher psychological distress than their majority culture peers. This is a quantitative research study that compares rates of gender minority stress and psychological stress between/among BIPOC individuals and white peers. The authors hypothesize that psychological distress will vary among groups withing the BIPOC community.

This course is based on the reading-based online article, Double Jeopardy: Minority Stress and the Influence of Transgender Identity and Race-ethnicity created by Krystina Millar, B.A and Caroline Brooks, M.A. in 2022.

Publication Details

Publication Date: International Journal of transgender Health 2022, Vol. 23, nos. 1–2, 133–148 2022

Course Material Authors

Course Material Authors authored the material only, and were not involved in creating this CE course. They are identified here for your own evaluation of the relevancy of the material this course is based on.

Krystina Millar, B.A

Krystina is a PhD student in the Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. As an undergraduate she conducted research on transgender health care policies in the United States prison system. Her work has been published in multiple peer reviewed journals.

Caroline Brooks, M.A.

Caroline Brooks is a PhD Candidate in the Department of Sociology. Her research interests include medical sociology, social psychology, and social networks with particular interests in chronic illness and chronic pain, identity theory, and social inequality

Course Creator

Paul Pawlicki, PsyD, LP

Paul Pawlicki, PsyD, received his degree in clinical psychology from the Chicago School of Professional Psychology in Chicago, IL, in 2005. From 2004-2006, he taught courses in general psychology, abnormal psychology, and human sexuality at Collin College in Plano, TX. He currently practices individual therapy at the Department of Sexual Medicine at Park Nicollet Health Health Services near Minneapolis, MN.

Target Audience

Counselors, marriage and family therapists,nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians, psychologists and social workers. This course is appropriate for all levels of knowledge.

Learning Objectives

After taking this activity, you should be able to:

  1. 1 Discuss definitions of minority stress, intersectionality, and psychological distress.
  2. 2 Describe differences in minority stress and psychological distress between members of the BIPOC community and their white peers as well as among different ethnic groups within the BIPOC community.
  3. 3 Identify the authors' explanations for the similarities/differences in minority stress and psychological distress among the populations included in this study.

Disclosure to Learners

CE Learning Systems adheres to the ACCME's Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Medical Education. Any individuals in a position to control the content of a CE activity – including faculty, planners, reviewers, or others ― are required to disclose all relevant financial relationships with ineligible entities (formerly known as commercial interests).

The following relevant financial relationships have been disclosed by this activity's planners, faculty, and the reviewer:

Planners and Reviewers

The planners of this activity have reported that they have no relevant financial relationships.

Material Authors

Any relevant financial disclosures for course material authors can be found in the article.

Course Creator

Paul Pawlicki, PsyD, LP – No relevant financial relationships.

Commercial support

There is no commercial support for this distance-learning course.

South Dakota Board of Examiners of Psychology

1 CE credit hour Cultural competency
Eligible until Feb 1st, 2028
Continuing Education (CE) credits for psychologists are provided through the co-sponsorship of the American Psychological Association (APA) Office of Continuing Education in Psychology (CEP). The APA CEP Office maintains responsibility for the content of the programs.
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Joint Accreditation (JA)

1 Psychologist CE credit hour
1 Social Worker CE credit hour Cultural Competency
1 IPCE CE credit hour
1 AMA PRA Category 1 CE credit hour
1 Nursing CE credit hour
Eligible until Feb 1st, 2028
In support of improving patient care, CE Learning Systems, LLC, is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.
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American Psychological Association (APA)

1 CE credit hour Cultural competency
Eligible until Feb 1st, 2028
Continuing Education (CE) credits for psychologists are provided through the co-sponsorship of the American Psychological Association (APA) Office of Continuing Education in Psychology (CEP). The APA CEP Office maintains responsibility for the content of the programs.
More Info
Logo: American Psychological Association

Course Material

References begin on page 145.

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